Not so sure about the first one, but nukes (as well as mines), especially large ones, have been known to crash the game on detonation. Would need an example.
Second one I believe was fixed in 1.50. I think it got an exclusive mention and demonstration by Matan in the latest video, too.
Third one is when the audio gets overloaded with input from the collision and blocks out other received audio input, as far as I can see it, while not actually ceasing the stream of data it receives. Afterwards, buttons only play music as they are being moused over or clicked (as I can recall), but not while, so that keeping the mouse there will not make it play again (Perhaps some state it is in?). The music can actually be restarted by opening the jukebox and stopping, replaying the song, but it won't fix the audio mess.
For the last one, it's because the default renderer for Windows is DirectX, and it sucks at rendering the shape for some stupid reason. Macs only use OpenGL, and it can render it quite smoothly. Windows also has OpenGL, switch to that renderer when playing (It might use slightly more video memory, though.). Teleport training will be much smoother, check it out!
Most of those seem to be limitations with the game/hardware. I find that 16-bit can be smoother, but the GUIs in fullscreen look really bad. There may be ways in the game or engine that may help, but I wouldn't know.
I am a programmer. Most here know me for being one of the major contributors to Marble Blast Platinum and PlatinumQuest.